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Section
Genitourinary Disorders
Genitourinary Disorders
Abnormal Renal Transport Syndromes
Introduction
Bartter Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Liddle Syndrome
Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Renal Glucosuria
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Type 1 RTA
Type 2 RTA
Type 4 RTA
Approach to the Genitourinary Patient
Introduction
Approach to the Renal Patient
History
Physical Examination
Inspection
Auscultation
Percussion
Palpation
Other maneuvers
Testing
Urinalysis
Microscopic analysis
Other urine tests
Creatinine clearance
Blood tests
Approach to the Urologic Patient
History
Physical Examination
Inspection
Percussion
Palpation
Other maneuvers
Testing
Dysuria
Evaluation
History and physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Hematospermia
Imaging Tests
X-rays
Angiography
Ultrasonography
CT
MRI
Radionuclide scanning
Isolated Hematuria
Evaluation
History and physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Polyuria and Frequency
Etiology
Evaluation
History and physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Procedures
Bladder catheterization
Cystoscopy
Biopsy
Urethral dilation
Proteinuria
Evaluation
History and physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Scrotal Mass
Scrotal Pain
Evaluation
History and physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Cystic Kidney Disease
Introduction
Acquired Renal Cysts
Congenital Renal Cystic Dysplasia
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Nephronophthisis and Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease Complex
Nephronophthisis
Medullary cystic kidney disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Renal Cystic Disease in Malformation Syndromes
Genitourinary Cancer
Introduction
Bladder Cancer
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Metastatic Renal Cancer
Penile Cancer
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prostate Cancer
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Screening
Staging and grading
Prognosis
Treatment
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Staging
Prognosis and Treatment
Renal Pelvic and Ureteral Cancers
Prognosis
Treatment
Testicular Cancer
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Urethral Cancer
Glomerular Diseases
Introduction
Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes
Fibrillary and Immunotactoid Glomerulopathies
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Lupus Nephritis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Nephritic Syndrome
Hereditary Nephritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Postinfectious Glomerulonephritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis (RPGN)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Thin Basement Membrane Disease
Nephrotic Syndrome
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Congenital Nephrotic Syndromes
Diabetic Nephropathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Membranous Nephropathy
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Minimal Change Disease
Diagnosis
Treatment
Male Reproductive Endocrinology
Introduction
Physiology
Sexual Differentiation, Adrenarche, and Puberty
Effects of Aging
Male Hypogonadism
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Diagnosis of primary and secondary hypogonadism
Evaluation of secondary hypogonadism
Treatment
Testosterone therapy
Treatment of infertility due to hypogonadism
Male Sexual Dysfunction
Libido
Erection
Ejaculation and orgasm
Erectile Dysfunction
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Mechanical devices
Drugs
Surgery
Obstructive Uropathy
Obstructive Uropathy
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Obstructive nephropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Evaluation of suspected urethral obstruction
Evaluation of ureteral or more proximal obstruction
Evaluation of hydronephrosis without apparent obstruction
Prognosis
Treatment
Penile and Scrotal Disorders
Introduction
Balanitis, Posthitis, and Balanoposthitis
Cutaneous Penile Lesions
Epididymitis
Etiology
Bacterial
Nonbacterial
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Orchitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Peyronie's Disease
Phimosis and Paraphimosis
Phimosis
Paraphimosis
Priapism
Ischemic
Nonischemic
Diagnosis
Treatment
Scrotal Masses
Testicular Torsion
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Prostate Disease
Introduction
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prostatitis
Etiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acute bacterial prostatitis
Chronic bacterial prostatitis
Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Asymptomatic inflammatory prostatitis
Prostate Abscess
Renal Failure
Introduction
Acute Renal Failure (ARF)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Urine output
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Cause
Prognosis
Treatment
Emergency treatment
General measures
Prevention
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Classification
Prognosis and Treatment
Diet
Fluid and electrolytes
Anemia and coagulation disorders
Heart failure
Drugs
Dialysis
Renal Replacement Therapy
Introduction
Continuous Hemofiltration and Hemodialysis
Hemodialysis
Vascular access
Complications
Prognosis
Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy
Peritoneal Dialysis
Access
Complications
Prognosis
Renovascular Disorders
Introduction
Benign Hypertensive Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Malignant Hypertensive Arteriolar Nephrosclerosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Renal Artery Occlusion
Acute occlusion
Chronic progressive occlusion (stenosis)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Acute renal artery occlusion
Chronic progressive renal artery occlusion
Renovascular hypertension
Renal Atheroembolism
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Renal Cortical Necrosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Renal Vein Thrombosis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Scleroderma Renal Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Sickle Cell Nephropathy
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN)
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis, Treatment, and Prevention
Contrast Nephropathy
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Analgesic Abuse Nephropathy
Metabolic Nephropathies
Acute urate nephropathy
Chronic urate nephropathy
Hyperoxaluria
Hypercalcemia
Chronic hypokalemia
Heavy Metal Nephropathy
Lead
Cadmium
Other heavy metals
Reflux Nephropathy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Myeloma-Related Kidney Disease
Tubulointerstitial disease
Glomerulopathies
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Urinary Calculi
Urinary Calculi
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Urinalysis
Imaging tests
Identifying the underlying cause
Treatment
Prevention
Urinary Tract Infections (UTI)
Introduction
Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Classification
Urethritis
Cystitis
Unsterile urine (asymptomatic bacteruria)
Acute pyelonephritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Urine collection
Urine testing
Infection localization
Other testing
Treatment
Urethritis
Cystitis
Asymptomatic bacteriuria
Acute pyelonephritis
Prevention
Chronic Pyelonephritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fungal Urinary Tract Infections
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Voiding Disorders
Introduction
Interstitial Cystitis
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Neurogenic Bladder
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Urinary Incontinence
Types
Pathophysiology and Etiology
Transient incontinence
Established incontinence
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Treatment
General measures
Urge incontinence
Stress incontinence
Overflow incontinence
Refractory incontinence
Incontinence in Children
Etiology
Evaluation and Treatment
Urinary Retention
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