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Nasal congestion and rhinorrhea
Neck and back pain
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Pain
Pain, chronic
Palpitations
Pelvic pain
Pelvic pain during early pregnancy
Polyuria and frequency
Pruritus
Red eye
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Stomatitis
Stridor
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Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy
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Neurologic Disorders
Neurologic Disorders
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Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction
Anatomy
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Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Laboratory testing
Autonomic Neuropathies
Horner's Syndrome
Multiple System Atrophy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Pure Autonomic Failure
Brain Infections
Introduction
Brain Abscess
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Encephalitis
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Helminthic Infections
Neurocysticercosis
Other infections
Prion Diseases
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD)
Symptoms, Signs, and Prognosis
Diagnosis and Prevention
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker Disease
Fatal Insomnia
Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Rabies
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Prevention
Subdural Empyema
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities
Craniocervical Junction Abnormalities
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Delirium and Dementia
Introduction
Behavior Disorders in Dementia
Etiology
Evaluation
Treatment
Environmental measures
Caregiver support
Drugs
Delirium
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Dementia
Etiology and Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Early
Intermediate
Late (severe)
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Patient safety
Environmental measures
Drugs
Caregiver assistance
End-of-life issues
Alzheimer's Disease
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Vascular Dementia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Lewy Body Dementia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
HIV-Associated Dementia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Frontotemporal Dementia
Symptoms and Signs
Frontal variant FTD
Primary progressive aphasia
Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment
Demyelinating Disorders
Introduction
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Cranial nerves
Motor
Cerebellar
Sensory
Spinal cord
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Function and Dysfunction of the Cerebral Lobes
Introduction
Frontal lobes
Parietal lobes
Temporal lobes
Occipital lobe
Insula
Pathophysiology
Cerebral dysfunction syndromes
Agnosia
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Amnesias
Pathophysiology and Etiology
Diagnosis and Treatment
Transient Global Amnesia
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Aphasia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Apraxia
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Headache
Introduction
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Cluster Headache
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Migraine
Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Acute migraine headache
Prevention
Post–Lumbar Puncture and Low-Pressure Headache
Tension-Type Headache
Intracranial and Spinal Tumors
Introduction
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
End-of-life issues
Radiation Therapy and Neurotoxicity
Gliomas
Treatment
Meningiomas
Treatment
Pineal Region Tumors
Pituitary Tumors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Primary Brain Lymphomas
Spinal Cord Tumors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Meningitis
Introduction
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Acute Bacterial Meningitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Partially treated meningitis
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Prevention
Aseptic Meningitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Subacute and Chronic Meningitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Movement and Cerebellar Disorders
Introduction
Hypokinesia
Hyperkinesia
Cerebellar Disorders
Etiology, Symptoms, and Signs
Congenital malformations
Hereditary ataxias
Friedreich's ataxia
Spinocerebellar ataxias
Acquired ataxias
Diagnosis and Treatment
Chorea, Athetosis, and Hemiballismus
Dystonias
Generalized dystonia (dystonia musculorum deformans)
Focal dystonias
Diagnosis and Treatment
Fragile X–Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS)
Huntington's Disease
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Myoclonus
Diagnosis and Treatment
Parkinson's Disease
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Drugs
Surgery
Physical measures
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Tremor
Physiologic tremor
Essential tremor (benign hereditary tremor, senile tremor)
Tremor of cerebellar disease
Neuro-ophthalmologic and Cranial Nerve Disorders
Introduction
Bell's Palsy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Conjugate Gaze Palsies
Horizontal gaze palsies
Vertical gaze palsies
Fourth Cranial Nerve Palsy
Glossopharyngeal Neuralgia
Diagnosis and Treatment
Hemifacial Spasm
Internuclear Ophthalmoplegia (INO)
One-and-a-half syndrome
Sixth Cranial Nerve Palsy
Third Cranial Nerve Palsy
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Trigeminal Neuralgia
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Treatment
Neurotransmission
Neurotransmission
Propagation
Transmission
Receptors
Major Neurotransmitters and Receptors
Glutamate and aspartate
GABA
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Endorphins and enkephalins
Other neurotransmitters
Pain
Introduction
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Pain transmission and modulation
Evaluation
Pain severity
Demented and aphasic patients
Patients receiving neuromuscular blockade
Treatment of Pain
Nonopioid Analgesics
Opioid Analgesics
Route of administration
Dosing and titration
Adverse effects
Opioid antagonists
Adjuvant Analgesic Drugs
Neural Blockade
Neuromodulation
Geriatric Essentials
Chronic Pain
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Treatment
Drugs
Physical methods
Psychologic treatments
Neuropathic Pain
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Diagnosis
Treatment
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Peripheral Nervous System Disorders
Introduction
Anatomy and Physiology
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Recovery
Evaluation
Cervical Spondylosis
Diagnosis and Treatment
Disorders of Neuromuscular Transmission
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Hereditary Neuropathies
Sensorimotor neuropathies
Sensory neuropathies
Diagnosis and Treatment
Hereditary Motor Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies
Motor Neuron Disorders
Classification, Symptoms, and Signs
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Progressive bulbar palsy
Progressive muscular atrophy
Primary lateral sclerosis and progressive pseudobulbar palsy
Diagnosis
Treatment
Myasthenia Gravis
Rare forms
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Symptomatic treatment
Immunomodulating treatment
Nerve Root Disorders
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Diagnosis and Treatment
Peripheral Neuropathy
Mononeuropathies
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Polyneuropathy
Symptoms and Signs
Myelin dysfunction
Vasa nervorum compromise
Axonopathy
Diagnosis
Electrodiagnostic tests
Laboratory tests
Treatment
Plexus Disorders
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Spinal Muscular Atrophies
Diagnosis and Treatment
Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndromes
Diagnosis and Treatment
Seizure Disorders
Seizure Disorders
Etiology and Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Simple partial seizures
Complex partial seizures
Epilepsia partialis continua
Generalized seizures
Status epilepticus
Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Testing
Prognosis and Treatment
Acute seizures and status epilepticus
Posttraumatic seizures
Long-term treatment
Adverse effects
Surgery
Vagus nerve stimulation
Sleep and Wakefulness Disorders
Introduction
Physiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Testing
Treatment
Hypnotics
Other sedatives
Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorders
Time zone change (jet lag) syndrome
Shift work sleep disorder
Altered sleep phase syndromes
Insomnia and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS)
Inadequate sleep hygiene
Adjustment sleep disorder
Psychophysiologic insomnia
Physical sleep disorders
Mental sleep disorders
Insufficient sleep syndrome (sleep deprivation)
Drug-related sleep disorders
Narcolepsy
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Idiopathic Hypersomnia
Parasomnias
Periodic Limb Movement Disorder and Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Spinal Cord Disorders
Introduction
Anatomy
Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Signs
Diagnosis
Acute Transverse Myelitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Arteriovenous Malformations
Cervical Spondylosis and Spondylotic Cervical Myelopathy
Hereditary Spastic Paraparesis
Spinal Cord Compression
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Spinal Cord Infarction
Spinal Epidural Abscess
Spinal Subdural or Epidural Hematoma
Syrinx
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy
Diagnosis and Treatment
Stroke (CVA)
Introduction
Symptoms and Signs
Complications
Evaluation
Treatment
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Ischemic Stroke
Etiology
Thrombosis
Embolism
Lacunar infarcts
Other causes
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Acute
Long term
Transient Ischemic Attack
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis and Treatment
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
Stupor and Coma
Introduction
Etiology and Pathophysiology
Herniation syndromes
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
History
Physical examination
Neurologic examination
Ophthalmic examination
Respiratory patterns
Tests
Prognosis and Treatment
Brain Death
Diagnosis and Prognosis
Locked-in Syndrome
Vegetative State
Symptoms, Signs, and Diagnosis
Prognosis and Treatment
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